2. Total long-term debt divided by total shareholders' equity. This is a measure of LEVERAGE-the use of borrowed money to enhance the return on owners' equity.
3. Long-term debt and preferred stock divided by common stock equity. This relates securities with fixed charges to those without fixed charges.
A ratio that measures a company's financial LEVERAGE. It is calculated by dividing all debt (both short- and long-term) by all equity capital, including preferred and common stocks, earned and unearned surplus, and surplus reserves.








